Unemployment in Egypt

Introduction

It's really a disaster requiring stand .. He drew attention .. In fact, confirms that the unemployment rates on the rise, everyone is trying to find a way out of crisis, but obviously it's getting away!!

In the following lines are trying to approach the root of the problem objectively and without history and dumping accusations in an attempt to find out the details and dimensions of the issue in an attempt to find the right way

And unemployment, in general, is an expression of failure in achieving the goals of work in human societies, and where the ends of the Multiple, multiple concepts is intended open unemployment unemployment and presence of able and willing to work in, but they do not find a job and, unfortunately, restrict attention to unemployment, in many cases, the open unemployment only. Start here to search for the problem of modest and disaster unemployment ....

Subject

Unemployment is an economic phenomenon began to appear significantly with the booming industry as it was not the meaning of unemployment in the traditional rural communities. According to the ILO, the unemployed is all capable and willing to work in it, and are looking for, and accepted at the level of the prevailing wage, but to no avail. With this definition it is clear that not all of the unemployed does not work, and pupils with disabilities and the elderly and retirees, and has lost hope of finding work and employers are provisional and essential work are not considered unemployed

. The problem of unemployment is one of the most serious problems that threaten the stability and cohesion of the Arab community, but we find that the causes of unemployment vary from society to society so that it differs within the same society from one area to another, there are economic reasons and other social and political and other, but both of which affect the community and exacerbates problem of unemployment.

Can point to three major types of unemployment are:

* Cyclical unemployment (structural) and the resulting periodicity of the capitalist system is always in transition between recovery and economic expansion and contraction and the economic crisis resulting in cessation of employment and venting of the crisis lay off workers.
* Frictional unemployment is the result of movement of workers between jobs and sectors and regions or lack of information regarding job opportunities available.
* Unemployment associated with the structuring of the economy and resulting from the change in the structure of demand for products or technological advances, or where industries move to other countries in search of better conditions of exploitation and for a higher profit.

* Disguised unemployment.

It is pursuant to a state of secondary causes does not provide a sufficiency of livelihood, or that a few individuals working together in the work can be played by one individual or two of them. In both cases the person does not act commensurate with his abilities and energy to work.

Is the sum of those able to work and who want it and seek him and accept the prevailing wage, but to no avail It means deprivation, hunger, crime, begging and extremism, and dealing with the instability of political and social systems and dealing with significant morbidity and increased mortality, a global crisis because there are a billion people in the world without any work the equivalent of 30 % of the work.

It is a waste of the energies of the community effort to deprive society of his sons and the loss of the community spent on their education (70% of graduates of universities and secondary schools without a job).



It is a crisis is difficult and complicated in that one because of the deep roots which grew this crisis and of the (economic underdevelopment - our weakness in the global economy - the failure of development efforts - the external debt crisis - to comply with the programs dictated by the shrinkage Abanna the donor country) and economists is that the extent of the problem of security unemployment is 4% of the labor force and that a disaster is to shut down one of every 6 workers and the ratio in our country is 17.5% to 20 %......!!!!

As unemployment is the sum of those able to work and who want it and seek him and accept the prevailing wage, but to no avail It means deprivation, hunger, crime, begging and extremism, and dealing with the instability of political and social systems and dealing with significant morbidity and increased mortality, a global crisis because there are a billion people in the world without doing any of accounting for 30% of the work.

It is a waste of the energies of the community effort to deprive society of his sons and the loss of the community spent on their education (70% of graduates of universities and secondary schools without a job).



It is a crisis is difficult and complicated in that one because of the deep roots which grew this crisis and of the (economic underdevelopment - our weakness in the global economy - the failure of development efforts - the external debt crisis - to comply with the programs dictated by the shrinkage Abanna the donor country) and economists is that the extent of the problem of security unemployment is 4% of the labor force and that a disaster is to shut down one of every 6 workers and the ratio in our country is 17.5% to 20 %......!!!!



The more serious problem:



1 - 50% of the population living near the poverty line (family income, about $ 50 per month) and enter the labor market of half a million young people every year looking for work, while the unemployment rate reaches 50% and 20% in cities.





The causes of unemployment

Causes of unemployment can be summarized as follows:

* State intervention in the normal functioning of the free market, especially as regards its intervention to ensure a minimum wage, since the reduction of wages and taxes are the skillful promotion of investment and thus create wealth and employment opportunities.
Forms of compensation for unemployment and labor laws.
* As well as severe poverty in the current economic thinking to understand the problem and ways out of the stream but there is thought to be convinced that the problem concerning the victims and that the unemployed are those who failed to adapt to the labor market.
* Reluctance of capitalists to invest If that does not gain enough production to meet their ambitions.
* Increase in population.
* The continued increase in the use of machinery, which requires higher productivity, reduced working hours and layoffs.
* After the Great Depression that hit the capitalist system in the early thirties (1929) and the high number of unemployed dramatically (12 million unemployed in the United States - 6 million in Germany) Some economists attributed the causes of unemployment to the mistakes of some capitalists who do not spend more enough to invest.
* Aggravate the effects of scientific and technological revolution on employment where she was Arts productivity, capital-intensive place of humanitarian action in many sectors of national economy and a decline in demand on the element of human labor.
* Transmission of a number of industries in the country's capital developed to developing countries through international corporate activity to take advantage of cheap labor in the country, the impact on the situation of local employment in these industries in the advanced capitalist countries.
* The tendency of many capitalist governments to adopt contractionary policies so it's natural to be scaled spending this year, investment in various fields. As a result of these policies reduced demand for labor.
* The withdrawal of the public sector of the recruitment process while he was at last provides one of every four jobs now increases the size of the problem because of its tendency to refer workers to retire early and stop the appointment of new employment.

* Increasing the pace of economic growth can create jobs (under globalized capitalism can achieve growth without job creation), and in industrialized countries can not increase the proportion of 2.5 percent because of supply constraints (not to destroy the economic fabric of the third world to resolve the crisis center through policies of structural adjustment and the debt results from the dismantling of the Third World industries and the transformation of consumer products, industrial countries).
* Reduce the cost of labor any reduction in wages lowers the cost of production and raise competitiveness and profitability.
* Change the terms of the labor market means a request to delete the minimum wage, cut Thmlat social security coverage and taxes, reduce or delete the unemployment compensation to reduce wages and stings of work (flexibility in wages and stings of work (

* Impossible to secure adequate resource for the maintenance of the unemployed without prejudice to the conditions of economic development.
* Returns the state's role in the economic and social ideas that give priority to the profitability of capital, ignoring social and human dimensions.
* Returns the humanitarian component of the work by 35% due to technology becoming posts are only to a minority of experience and competence and knowledge.
* The collapse of industries, such as the ancient craft of spinning and weaving which absorb 33% of the volume of employment.
* Conflict of monetary policies and incentives to invest a significant impact on exports, which declined significantly and reduces the chances of opening up new prospects for production, which accommodate the additional numbers of employment.
* Shaking the economic performance of a country built the boom and bust of the inability to buy from citizens and decreasing purchasing power meant a decline in production and increased inventory and reduced demand for labor.
* Understanding the phenomenon of foreign debt and obscene growth in debt service burdens and high inflation and occlusion of jobs and falling into the clutches of the donor country, which recommended that a deflationary policy (increasing interest rates - the pound liberalization - the removal of subsidies - for sale companies - to increase energy prices and services - increased Indirect taxes - layoffs).
* Lack of government control on economic decision due to the forces of donor countries and the implications of globalization and GATT and the farm states in the face of global industrial nations.



The results of unemployment:

Of unemployment contradictory results on the capitalist economic system and bourgeois society and the oppressed who lived in the shadow. On the one hand enable the capital to purchase the labor force, Bmahe commodity, the lowest price possible and access whenever he wants to cheap labor. Also enables the bourgeoisie as a class prevailed Ctfad Khazap the working class to the exploitation and power by dumping workers in fear of the consequences of loss of livelihood resource if they demanded higher wages because there is someone willing to work at less pay. On the other hand unemployment is, if they exceeded certain limits (according to every historical moment), a threat to the stability of the system as a whole (the revolution or fascism). Unemployment is a devastating and systematic survey of the forces of production (along with war), which lost to a very important human resources. And no less disastrous outcome of unemployment on the social level, where it became certain today that the crime and organic diseases and psychiatric and drug use ... Plays, including unemployment Irafaqaha the misery of the pivotal role and encouraging them.



Solutions to unemployment:

Economists do not see the bourgeoisie solution to the problem of unemployment only in two basic directions, the direction I see out of unemployment need to:

The fundamental solution to the issue of unemployment would require a restructuring of the economy on the basis of collective ownership of the means of production and meet the basic needs of all human beings outside the scope of capitalist profit, building another community where there is no success of the minority to live in luxury at the expense of the inability of the majority to reach a minimum of decent living .

The unemployment rate in Egypt in 2006, according to statistics from the Central Intelligence Agency 10.30% resulted from unemployment and a lot of social ills such as increased rates of sexual crimes, where 90% of perpetrators are unemployed and to increase illegal immigration to European countries and the huge number of Egyptian youth to commit suicide to feel despair because of unemployment, and their inability to support their families

In 2006, announced by the Egyptian Center to reduce unemployment and to defend human rights, the establishment of the first association of "unemployed" in Egypt, in an attempt to change their lives by providing them with employment opportunities

What is the treatment:



- To stimulate the forces of development in the community.

- The organization of supply and demand for labor and to achieve a balance between them, which requires the need to increase investments to accommodate the largest number of employment.

- The return of the welfare state protection and strengthen the state's role in reviewing wages and prices and confirm its authority in issuing laws that govern the operation of the market and to intervene with force in economic activity.

- To postpone the privatization program and selling companies.

- Coordination with the unions, banks and the establishment of large-scale projects do not rely on technology and the expansion of the training program in the field of handicrafts and semi-skilled manpower.

- Reform and restructuring of the textile sector and included investments in the sector to benefit from rehabilitation and to reduce the problem of unemployment.

- Without a real reform of the education will not improve any industry, large or small, must be re-looking at components of the education policy and training.

- We begin to find solutions in the field of agriculture, fisheries and land reclamation and food industries and integration with neighboring countries such as Sudan.

- Must immediately stop the policy of extension of service for staff and consultants the government to allow for young people.

- Encouraging the migration of labor with the work of the conventions and the development of laws to safeguard the rights of workers abroad and promoting cultural awareness among the workers with legal safeguards to ensure funds Egyptians abroad while upholding the State's role in it and the only true shepherd to the safety and rights of Egyptians working abroad.























References



1 - Unemployment in the Middle East to do? Dr. Ahmad Dar Publisher Arab Thought

2 - ways forward .... Dr Hana Atiya, King Fahd University

3 - Statistics of unemployment in Egypt ... Al-Arabi magazine No. 312

4 - Research entitled Global unemployment disaster ..... Translation of Dr. Emad Al-Shayeb



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